Resolution Enhancement and Volumetric Curvature

CRYSTAL provides a multitude of post-stack processing utilities among them, Resolution Enhancement and the Volumetric Curvature. Without adding any new high frequencies and boosting the existing frequencies, any seismic could be enhanced to provide higher resolution. The enhanced seismic could be used for all subsequent algorithms where dramatic differences in the results will be noticed.

To assist the structural interpretation effort, Volumetric Curvature applied on the enhanced seismic data or any original seismic data is able to image faults with in ways never seen before by any other algorithm.

Well-Seismic Tie

Sonic and density logs are used to build synthetic seismograms and to tie the logs to the seismic. Various methods for extracting the wavelet are available, including a proprietary patented approach to extract a wavelet in deviated wells. Various spectral imaging attributes are computed at the wells and used to find possible correlations with rock and fluid properties along the wellbore.

Seismic Interpretation

CRYSTAL provides new tools to simultaneously interpret horizons and faults in 2D and 3D. Interpretation performed on 2D seismic sections are shown in multiple 3D windows and any change made in the 2D windows is automatically shown in the 3D windows and vice versa. These new interpretation tools are not limited to the use of amplitude data; for example, one could simultaneously work with multiple seismic attributes.

Faulted Framework and Geocellular Grid Building

Provides many user-friendly and intuitive tools to transform the interpreted horizons and faults into a consistent structural framework that is geologically meaningful. Using the interpreted or imported faults and horizons, the structural framework is built and adjusted in 3D using an intuitive and rapid process that simultaneously handles 100 or more faults (normal, reverse, thrust, and listric faults) and as many horizons as required. Once a sealed faulted framework is built, a geocellular grid composed of rectangular cells, vertical columns, and multiple zones with different layering schemes could be generated and used for subsequent geophysical and geologic modeling.

Spectral Imaging

Provides mono-frequency attributes resulting from spectral decomposition as well as statistical distribution properties that are derived from various characteristics of the seismic energy distribution.

Pre-Stack Seismic Inversion

Uses multiple seismic offsets and log data to perform a high resolution deterministic and/or a stochastic pre-stack inversion that leads to the extraction of Vp, Vs, Density and subsequent elastic properties that provide detailed imaging of various rock properties, including lithology, facies, and fluid properties.

Post Stack Seismic Inversion

Uses the post stack seismic and log data in several deterministic and/or stochastic high resolution inversion algorithms to provide seismic impedance. All the algorithms are one to two order of magnitude faster than anything available in the E&P industry, and are able to take into account any complex structural framework. The high resolution inversion algorithms provide impedance at a resolution of 0.5ms.

Snapping Seismic Attributes to Geologic Grids

One of the main purposes for generating high resolution seismic attributes is to be able to use them as a constraint during geologic modeling. All the available seismic attributes can be snapped to a geologic grid built in the time domain. The snapping algorithm is rapid and allows the use of one or more seismic attributes (after depth conversion) in property and fracture modeling.

Time-Depth Conversion

CRYSTAL provides a new proprietary and patented approach to depth-convert the complex geocellular grids built in the time domain. All the wells that have been tied to the seismic are used during the depth conversion. The geocellular grids along with all attributes available in the geocellular grid can be exported to any geomodeling software that, unlike CRYSTAL, is unable to efficiently handle a large number of faults and/or complex faulting geometries.

Data Analysis and Seismic Utility Tools

Mathematical and geophysical operations can be applied to any seismic attribute by using pre and post-processing tools such as resolution enhancement, seismic calculator, filtering, interconnected 2D and 3D display windows, and other data analysis tools that facilitate the understanding of the reservoir geology and the distribution of reservoir fluids.